Which of the following is a sign of shock in a patient?

Pale or clammy skin and a rapid heartbeat are significant indicators of shock in a patient. Shock occurs when there is inadequate blood flow to the body's tissues, leading to insufficient oxygenation and nutrient delivery. This can result in several physiological responses, including a decrease in skin perfusion, which causes the skin to appear pale and feel clammy due to constriction of blood vessels as the body attempts to prioritize blood flow to vital organs.

Additionally, a rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) is a compensatory mechanism that the body employs to maintain blood pressure and ensure that blood continues flowing to the organs. This heightened heart rate is often a response to the body perceiving low blood volume or pressure, signaling that the circulatory system is in distress. Recognizing these symptoms is crucial for the timely identification and management of shock, which can be life-threatening if not addressed promptly.