Which type of medication is contraindicated in patients with active gastrointestinal bleeding?

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are contraindicated in patients with active gastrointestinal bleeding because they can further irritate the gastrointestinal lining and may inhibit platelet function, increasing the risk of bleeding. NSAIDs work by blocking the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is involved in the production of prostaglandins that protect the gastric mucosa. In cases of existing gastrointestinal bleeding, using NSAIDs can exacerbate the situation, leading to prolonged bleeding and complications.

Other medications listed, such as acetaminophen, antibiotics, and beta-blockers, do not have the same risks associated with gastrointestinal bleeding. Acetaminophen is generally considered safer for pain relief in these situations, as it does not have the same anti-inflammatory properties that can irritate the stomach. Antibiotics may be necessary to treat infections but should be chosen carefully based on the condition at hand. Beta-blockers may be indicated for conditions like hypertension or heart failure, and while they do not directly affect bleeding risk, the choice of medication must always be guided by the patient’s specific clinical scenario.